A chemist wants to extract copper metal from copper chloride solution. The chemist places 0.50 grams of aluminum foil in a solution containing 0.75 grams of copper (II) chloride. A single replacement reaction takes place. Which statement explains the maximum amount of copper that the chemist can extract using this reaction?

Unbalanced equation: CuCl2 + Al → AlCl3 + Cu

A. Approximately 0.36 grams, because copper (II) chloride acts as a limiting reactant
B. Approximately 1.8 grams, because copper (II) chloride acts as a limiting reactant
C. Approximately 0.36 grams, because aluminum acts as a limiting reactant
D. Approximately 1.8 grams, because aluminum acts as a limiting reactant

A representation of a chemical reaction using symbols of the elements to indicate the amount of substance, usually in moles, of each reactant and product.

Based on the balanced equation of reaction and the reacting masses, approximately 0.36 grams of Cu are produced because copper (II) chloride acts as a limiting reactant.

The amount of copper produced is determined from the balanced equation of the reaction.

The equation of the reaction is given below:

3 CuCl₂ + 2 Al → 2 AlCl₃ + 3 Cu

molar mass of CuCl₂ = 132 g/mol

molar mass of Al = 27.0 g

molar mass of Cu = 64.0 g

moles of aluminium in 0.50 g = 0.50 / 27 = 0.018 moles

moles of CuCl₂ in 0.75 g = 0.75/132 = 0.00568 moles

Therefore, CuCl₂ is the limiting reactant

3 moles of CuCl₂ produces 3 moles of Cu

0.00568 moles of CuCl₂ will produce 0.00568 moles of Cu

Mass of 0.005 moles of Cu = 0.00568 * 64 = 0.36 g of Cu

Therefore, approximately 0.36 grams of Cu are produced because copper (II) chloride acts as a limiting reactant.

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