A superheated cloud of gas and dust swirling around a massive object (usually a black hole or neutron star) is called an accretion disk. The correct option is c.
What is accretion disk?
Accretion disk is a heavy object surrounded by flow of gas, plasma, dust, or particles. The materials surrounding the heavy object orbiting in the gravitational field of the object that loses energy and angular momentum as it slowly spirals inward.
This cloud can reach incredible speeds and temperatures as gravity causes it to build up more and more friction, eventually releasing x rays.
Thus, accretion disk is a superheated cloud of gas and dust swirling around a massive object.
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