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Confederates had small advantages because they were close to home which meant they had quick access to supplies and familiarity of the battlegrounds. BUT OVERALL the industrialized Union possessed an enormous advantage over the Confederacy — they had 20,000 miles of railroad track, more than double the Confederacy’s 9,000 miles. Troops and supplies that were previously dependent on man or horse power could now move easily by rail, making railroads attractive military targets. The Union controlled 70% of the country’s total miles of track and owned 96% of U.S. railroad equipment, which meant it was ideally prepared for damage replacement when bridges, rail rights-of-way or rolling stock were destroyed. This strength was an early indicator of rail’s ability to shape future military strategy.

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