The literary device that is being used when a writer intentionally describes something as being less than it actually is is known as an Understatement.
What is an Understatement?
This refers to the literary term that is used to euphemize the meaning of a situation in order to reduce its impact.
Hence, we can see that when an understatement is used in a text, the reader's purpose is to make a dramatic effect on the reader, usually to draw attention to the situation.
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