Latin America, Africa, and Asia have been dealing with structural vulnerabilities such as persisting social and economic inequality, violence and forced displacement, climate change impacts, and environmental fragility are hampering modernization.
The transition from a traditional, rural, agrarian civilization to a secular, urban, industrial society is known as modernization in sociology.
A society that is centered on industry is referred to as a "modern society." To modernize a society, first and foremost, it must be industrialized.
Thus, the countries are facing structural vulnerabilities.
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