Answer no. 1:
1) binary fission or splitting into two cells (like bacteria)
2) budding or developing outgrowths (like yeast)
3) reproduction using gametes to recombine DNA (like Plasmodium)
4) mitosis, eukaryotic cell division, similar to binary fission (like the micronucleus of the ciliates)
Answer no. 2:
Sorry, don't have any idea.
Answer no. 3:
Most human intestinal halophilic and halotolerant prokaryotes belong to the Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and actinobacteria phyla.
Answer no. 4:
Carbon can be classified as primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary depending on the number of carbon atoms it is bonded to.
