John F.A. Sandford, legal case in which the U.S. Supreme Court on March 6, 1857, ruled (7–2) that a slave (Dred Scott) who had resided in a free state and territory (where slavery was prohibited) was not thereby entitled to his freedom; that African Americans were not and could never be citizens of the United States; and that the Missouri Compromise (1820), which had declared free all territories west of Missouri and north of latitude 36°30′, was unconstitutional.
As a result of the Supreme Court ruling in the Dred Scott case, slaveholders had the legal right to take enslaved persons into any territory.
The case entitled the decision that any person either free or enslaved does not hold the right to sue American citizens. It also removed the power from Congress to eliminate slavery.
Therefore, the case increased the racial discrimination and division throughout the territory.
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