The density of the substance can be used to determine if it is pure gold.
Density is the ratio of mass to volume of a substance. Density is an intrinsic property and can be used to identify an unknown substance.
What the chief can do is to use a balance to measure the mass of the substance. Next he should fill a calibrated cylinder with a known volume of water. The unknown substance should be immersed completely into the water and the volume of fluid displaced is noted. This is the volume of the substance.
The mass of the substance is now divided by the volume of the substance. The result is then compared with the known volume of gold. If the value is the same, then the substance is pure gold.
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