Question

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Answer 1

Step-by-step explanation:

$\dfrac{1 - \cos \theta}{1 + \cos \theta} = \dfrac{\sec \theta - 1}{\sec \theta + 1}$

$\dfrac{1 - \cos \theta}{1 + \cos \theta} = \dfrac{\frac{1}{\cos \theta} - 1}{\frac{1}{\cos \theta} + 1}$

$\dfrac{1 - \cos \theta}{1 + \cos \theta} = \dfrac{\cos \theta}{\cos \theta} \times \dfrac{\frac{1}{\cos \theta} - 1}{\frac{1}{\cos \theta} + 1}$

$\dfrac{1 - \cos \theta}{1 + \cos \theta} = \dfrac{\frac{\cos \theta}{\cos \theta} - \cos \theta}{\frac{\cos \theta}{\cos \theta} + \cos\theta}$

$\dfrac{1 - \cos \theta}{1 + \cos \theta} = \dfrac{1 - \cos \theta}{1 + \cos\theta}$