Question

how could you physically measure the temperature of an ideal gas directly

Answer 1

The temperature of an ideal gas can be physically by a change in the volume of the ideal gas.

Introduction:

The temperature of an ideal gas can be directly measured physically using a constant pressure gas thermometer.

The constant gas thermometer works on the principle of Charles' law which states that at constant pressure, The volume of a fixed mass of of an ideal gas is directly proportional to its temperature.

A constant pressure gas thermometer  consists of  a long, thin glass tube with a known constant mass of air and mercury sealed inside by a rubber stopper. The tube, air, and mercury are then surrounded by a larger, open tube through which liquid or gas can freely pass.  

When the temperature of the gas changes, there is a corresponding increase in the volume of the gas.

Relation of temperature to volume

The temperature of the gas is calculated using the following relation:

$\frac{V_{1} }{T_{1} } = \frac{V_{2} }{T_{2} }$

Where;

• V₁ is the initial volume

• V₂ is the final volume

• T₁ is the initial temperature
• T₂ is the final temperature

Therefore, the temperature of an ideal gas can be physically by a change in the volume of the ideal gas.

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