The firm experiences economies of scale at which output levels output levels less than M.
A firm experiences economies of scale when as quantity produced increases, total cost reduces. This is because total cost associated with production is spread out over a large quantity of goods.
A firm experiences economies of scale at the downward sloping part of the long run average total cost curve.
A firm experiences constant returns to scale between M and N of the long run average total cost curve.
A firm experiences diseconomies of scale at the upward sloping part of the long run average total cost curve.
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