By definition, the heat required to change 1 gram of a solid at its normal melting point is called heat of fusion.
Latent heat is defined as the energy required by a quantity of substance to change state.
When this change consists of changing from a solid to a liquid phase, it is called heat of fusion and when the change occurs from a liquid to a gaseous state, it is called heat of vaporization.
Fusion is the process by which a solid becomes a liquid phase. In this case, the temperature remains constant throughout the time that the solid turns into a liquid.
This occurs because in the solid phase the molecules are held together forming a rigid crystalline structure, in such a way that the substance has a defined shape and volume. As heat is supplied, the energies of the solid's particles gradually increase. After a certain time, this energy becomes so great that some of the particles exceed the force that kept them in their fixed positions.
In this way, the greatest separation between the particles is associated with the liquid phase.
Thus, the energy absorbed by the substance is used to separate the molecules more than in the solid phase, so that the temperature does not increase during the change of state.
In summary, it is called "heat of fusion", the energy required to change 1 gram of substance from a solid state to a liquid state, without changing its temperature.
In others words, the heat required to change 1 gram of a solid at its normal melting point is called heat of fusion.
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