Question

Based on the genetic code chart above, which of the following would be the result of this single base-pair substitution?.

Answer 1

The nonsense mutation is a point mutation that originates a new stop codon within the sequence. The result of this single base-pair substitution is A nonsense mutation resulting in early termination of translation. OPTION E

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When a change occurs in a single base pair, it is known as a point mutation.

Points mutations might be either silent, missense, or nonsense.

• In silent mutations, the resulting mRNA codon codes for the same amino acid as the unmutated sequence.

• If the mutation causes the mRNA codon to code for a different amino acid, this mutation is a missense mutation.

• Finally, if the mutation causes the mRNA codon to be a stop codon, we are referring to a nonsense mutation.

In the exposed example,

                                    30     31     32     33     34     35     36     37     38     39

Original sequence       G      C       U      A       U     U       A       A       C       A

Mutated sequence     G      C       U      A       U       A       A      A       C       A

The mutation occurs in base number 35. An adenine replaces the original uracil.

Since only a single base changes, this is a point mutation.

This point mutation originates a new stop codon, which places before the stop codon of the original sequence (UAG) .  

We are referring, then, to a NONSENSE MUTATION.

The options are:

A. a silent mutation (no change in the amino acid sequence of the protein)

   

    INCORRECT. It is not a silent mutation  

B. a frameshift mutation causing extensive change in the amino acid sequence of the protein

   

     INCORRECT. It does not extensive change in the amino acid sequence  

C. a missense mutation causing a single amino acid change in the protein

   INCORRECT. It is not a missense mutation.  

D. a frameshift mutation causing a single amino acid change in the protein

   INCORRECT. It is not a frameshift mutation.  

E. a nonsense mutation resulting in early termination of translation

    CORRECT. The change of a single base produces a new stop codon placed before the original one.

The result of this single base-pair substitution is A nonsense mutation resulting in early termination of translation. OPTION E

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