Question

*1. The internal energy with a system associated with the motion of particles and that can be added to a substance is called_____.

A. Thermal energy

B. Electrostatic forces

C. Temperature

D. Kinetic energy

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*2. Which statement describes the effect of adding more energy to a system, assuming a phase change does not occur?

A. The particles within the system will have greater motion, and the temperature will decrease.

B. The particles within the system will have greater motion, and the temperature will increase.

C. The particles within the system will have less motion, and the temperature will increase.

D. The particles within the system will have less motion, and the temperature will decrease.

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*3. Which statement correctly describes how attractions that hold particles break?

A. Attractions due to electrostatic forces. When particles have low enough energy, these forces can no longer keep particles together.

B. Attractions due to gravitational forces. When particles have low enough energy, these forces can no longer keep particles together.

C. Attractions due to gravitational forces. When particles move fast enough, these forces can no longer keep particles together.

D. Attractions due to electrostatic forces. When particles move fast enough, these forces can no longer keep particles together.

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*4. Which statement explains why a rubber band analogy is not a perfect comparison for bonds in a substance when considering phase changes?

A. For a phase change from liquid to gas, the bonds break completely and particles can move independently of each other.

B. For a phase change from liquid to gas, the bonds do not break completely and the particles can still slide past each other.

C. For a phase change from solid to liquid, the bonds break completely and particles can move independently of each other.

D. For a phase change from solid to liquid, the bonds do not break completely in the particles can still slide past each other.

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*5. The boiling point of benzene is 80°C. Which pair of samples will have the same average kinetic energy as benzene molecules?

A. Two samples of liquid benzene, one at 70°C in the other at 80°C.

B. A sample of liquid benzene at 70°C and a sample of gaseous benzene at 90°C.

C. Two samples of gaseous benzene, one at 80°C in the other at 90°C.

D. A sample of liquid benzene at 80°C and a sample of gaseous benzene at 80°C.

Answer 1

Answer:

1. thermal energy

2. the particles within the system will have greater motion, and the temp will increase.

3. attractions occur due to electrostatic forces. when particles move fast enough, these forces can no longer keep particles together.

4. for a phase change from a solid to liquid, the bonds do not break completely and particles call still slide past each other.

5. a sample of liquid benzene at 80°C and a sample of gaseous benzene at 80°C

Explanation:

hope this helps

Answer 2

Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of molecules.

The particles of a substance are in constant random motion. As more thermal energy is added to the particles, the motion of the particles increases. If more energy is added to a system during phase change, the particles within the system will have greater motion, and the temperature will increase.

Attractions between particles is greater when the kinetic energy of molecules decreases. Therefore, a statement that correctly describes how attractions that hold particles break is; "attractions due to electrostatic forces. When particles move fast enough, these forces can no longer keep particles together."

The rubber analogy is commonly used to describe covalent bonds where stretching of bonds occur. This analogy is not apt in describing phase changes because for a phase change from a solid to liquid, the bonds do not break completely and particles call still slide past each other.

The average kinetic energy of molecules depend on temperature hence a  sample of liquid benzene at 80°C and a sample of gaseous benzene at 80°C will have the same average kinetic energy.

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