Question

1. In own words, Learning criminality is likened to learning everyday activities. Give an example of an everyday activity learned from others as criminality is learned.

2.In own words, What are techniques of neutralization, proposed by Sykes and Matza? Pick one neutralization (such as denial of responsibility, denial of a victim, appeal to higher loyalty, etc.) and use it in a hypothetical (or real) situation.

3. In own words, Describe the difference between primary and secondary deviance, as developed by Lemert.

Answer 1

An example of an everyday activity learned from others as criminality is learned is the use of drugs and engaging in violence.

According to social learning theory, individuals engage in crime due to their association with others who take part in the crime. In this case, the criminal behavior is enforced.

The techniques of neutralization, proposed by Sykes and Matza include:

• Denial of responsibility.
• Denial of injury
• Appeal to higher loyalties.

• Condemnation of condemners.
• Denial of victims.

The difference between primary and secondary deviance is that primary deviance refers to the violation of a norm which doesn't lead to the violator being stigmatized as deviant while for secondary deviance, the violator is seen as a deviant.

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