In this case, researchers observed a trade-off between the ability to tolerate harsh dry conditions and the ability to colonize deeper water. This type of trade-off can increase the fitness of only one phenotypic trait.
An evolutionary trade-off can be defined as an evolutionary mechanism where a trait can increase its adaptive fitness in the detriment of decreased adaptive fitness in another phenotypic trait.
In trade-offs, the evolutionary adaptive processes cannot optimize a given trait without compromising another.
A well-known example of an evolutionary trade-off is the balance between the number of eggs that a bird can produce in a determined clutch.
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