The genetic basis of coat-color variation in Texas Longhorn cattle is caused by DIFFERENCES in the nucleotide sequences of genes. The order of nucleotides determines these differences.
During gene transcription, a segment of DNA called gene is used to create a complementary mRNA.
Subsequently, this mRNA is used as a template to create a polypeptide (i.e., a protein) by a process called translation.
The triplets of nucleotides or 'codons' in mRNA determine specific amino acids that will be added to the nascent polypeptide.
The order of nucleotides in DNA determines the codons in mRNA and ultimately the differences in amino acids that will be added to the proteins (in this case, proteins involved in variation for the 'coat-color' trait).
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