Plate tectonics theory explains why volcanic activity occurs where it does. For example:
B. The Ring of Fire bordering much of the Pacific Ocean is a long chain of transform plate-boundary volcanoes.
C. Rifting above a plume produced flood basalts such as the Columbia River Plateau of Washington and Oregon and the Deccan Plateau of India.
D. Active volcanoes in East Africa and extinct volcanoes of the Basin and Range Province of Nevada are the result of plate convergence.
The theory of plate tectonics states that the solid outer crust of planet Earth (lithosphere) is divided into enormous slabs of solid rock (plates) that moves over the asthenosphere, including the upper portion of the mantle over millions of years.
According to the theory of plate tectonics, the arrangement of continents, oceans, volcanic activity and landforms are caused by the movement of lithospheric plates over millions of years.
Hence, the theory of plate tectonics gives an explanation as to why volcanic activity occurs where it does.
However, the volcanoes of Iceland aren't formed or created by the mantle plume underlying the convergent-plate boundary on which they sit.
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