Internal economies of scale lead to imperfectly competitive industries because large firms have cost advantages over small firms, so the correct answer is B.
Economy of scale is the economic advantage that is realized by operating on a larger scale. In general, the average cost per unit of output decreases with increasing scale because fixed costs are spread over more units of output. Operational efficiency is also often greater with increasing scale, which in turn leads to lower variable costs.
When an industry is characterized by economies of scale, it can lead to a monopoly or oligopoly. Only large companies can then produce economically, which means that the barriers to entry for new market players are high.
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