There are many ways in which rocks can become deformed, Faults, however, are the results of fracture deformations.
Rocks can deform when exposed to excessive and prolonged stress. During this, rocks will pass throug three kinds of rock deformations, which are:
- Elastic deformation
- Ductile deformation
- Fracture deformation
Elastic deformation is the most unintuitive of the three. We don't often think of rocks as being elastic. However, all elements however have a certain level of elasticity. Rocks have among the lowest indices of this, but can also be deformed in this way. The defining characteristic of this kind of deformation is that it is reversible.
Ductile deformation, in contrast to the previously explained method, is characteristically irreversible. This kind of deformation is very reliant on the rock type to even be possible. It is when the rock is placed under extreme stress, for example when there is a passing glacier moving through the area, the rock develops overfolds.
Finally, we have fracture deformation. Also known as brittle deformation, this rock deformation type corresponds to another irreversible deformation process in which this time the rock breaks. The breakage of these rocks can be in the form of fractures or faults.
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