This is easier to explain and understant with an example
Suppose these two exponents, with like bases: 12a^4 and 4a^2
The division is (12a^4) / (4a^2).
The procedure is copy the base, divide the coefficientes and subtract the exponent of the denominator base from the exponent of the numerator base:
12 / 4 = 3
4 - 2 = 2
Result = 3a^2.
Then, the coefficients are divided and the exponents are subtracted.
In a general case: (A x^m ) / (Bx^n) = [A/B] x^ (m-n).