The Dawes Act of 1887 was enacted by the 49th U.S Congress and signed into law on the 8th of February, 1887 by President Grover Cleveland. Also, this Act was introduced by a Massachusetts senator called Henry L. Dawes.
The Dawes Act was a federal law of the United States of America which gave the U.S government (President) power to take Native American tribal lands (Indian reservations) and divide them into individual, privately owned plots i.e for individual Native Americans.
Hence, the Dawes Act terminated tribal ownership of Native American tribal lands (Indian reservations).
Some key provisions of the Dawes Act include:
- A head of family gets a grant of 160 acres of land.
- An orphan or a single person above 18 years would receive 80 acres of land.
- A person below 18 years would receive 40 acres of land.
As the Dawes Act became effective, the Indians were forced out of the Black Hills region when gold was discovered.
Subsequently, the Indians were moved to Oklahoma by the Treaty of Medicine Lodge.
Lastly, the Indians were ordered to move out of the path of white homeowners by the First Treaty of Laramie.
In conclusion, the order of events during and after the Dawes Act from bottom to top are:
- First Treaty of Laramie orders that Indians move out of the path of white settlement.
- Treaty of Medicine Lodge moves Indians to a region that is now Oklahoma.
- Indians are forced out of the Black Hills region when gold is discovered.
- The Dawes Act terminates tribal ownership of most reservation lands.
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