how does the amount of p-nitrophenol relate to the cellobiase activity?

The amount of p-nitrophenol relates to the cellobiase activity - The change in amount leads to a change in the yellow color of the reaction that presents only in presence of p-nitrophenol.

Cellobiase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of β1-4 glycosidic bonds found in cellulose. Organisms like fungus and some bacteria are able to break down cellulose with help of this enzyme. The substrate is cellulose and the product is glucose catalyzed by cellobiase. It is clear/colorless, and therefore difficult to detect quantitatively.

Enzymatic Activity of Cellobiase

p-nitrophenyl glucopyranoside is used as a substrate which is an artificial substrate that binds to the Cellobiase and is broken down similarly to cellulose and produces glucose and p-nitrophenol.
This p-nitrophenol reacts with a basic solution called stop solution that stops the reaction and turns the solution yellow.
The amount of yellow color is proportional to the amount of p-nitrophenol present which means this color help in knowing the Cellobiase activity.

Thus, the change in amount leads to a change in the yellow color of the reaction that presents only in presence of p-nitrophenol.

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