PLEASE HELP!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Refer to the two passages.

Source 1

"Christendom had recovered from . . . when the Tartar cataclysm had threatened to engulf it. The Tartars themselves were already becoming an object of curiosity rather than of fear. . . . The frail Latin throne in Constantinople was still standing, but tottering to its fall. The successors of the Crusaders still held the Coast of Syria. . . . The jealousies of the commercial republics of Italy were daily waxing greater. The position of Genoese trade on the coasts of the Aegean was greatly depressed . . . Venice had acquired [power there by expelling] the Greek Emperors. . . . But Genoa was biding her time for an early revenge, and year by year her naval strength and skill were increasing. Both these republics held possessions and establishments in the ports of Syria. . . . Alexandria was still largely frequented in the intervals of war as the great emporium of Indian wares, but the facilities afforded by the Mongol conquerors who now held the whole tract from the Persian Gulf to the shores of the Caspian and of the Black Sea, or nearly so, were beginning to give a great advantage to the caravan routes.”

Henri Cordier’s annotated translation of The Travels of Marco Polo, 1920

Source 2

"Throughout the twelfth century there were many signs that the European intelligence was recovering courage and leisure, and preparing to take up again the intellectual enterprises of the first Greek scientific enquiries and such speculations as those of the Italian Lucretius. The causes of this revival were many and complex. The suppression of private war, the higher standards of comfort and security that followed the crusades, and the stimulation of men’s minds by the experiences of these expeditions were no doubt necessary preliminary conditions. Trade was reviving; cities were recovering ease and safety; the standard of education was arising in the church and spreading among laymen. The thirteenth and fourteenth centuries were a period of growing, independent or quasi-independent cities; Venice, Florence, Genoa, Lisbon, Paris, Bruges, London, Antwerp, Hamburg, Nuremberg, Novgorod, Wisby and Bergen for example. They were all trading cities with many travellers, and where men trade and travel they talk and think. The polemics of the Popes and princes . . . were exciting men to doubt the authority of the church. . . .

The Arabs [began] restoring Aristotle to Europe, and . . . [European princes like] Frederick II acted as a channel through which Arabic philosophy and science played upon the renascent European mind.”

H. G. Wells, A Short History of the World, 1922

Source 1 can be used as evidence for which of the following trends that took place during the 13th and 14th centuries?

The disruption in trade between the Islamic world and Europe created opportunities to localize and diversify industries.
The fate of cities varied greatly, with periods of significant decline and periods of increased urbanization.
The rise in political and religious instability along trade routes across Afro-Eurasia resulted in the decline of caravanserai.
The lack of security provided by powerful states for merchants and travelers led to the decline of long-distance trade.

The fate of cities varied greatly, with periods of significant decline, and with periods of increased urbanization buoyed by rising productivity and expanding trade networks.

Multiple factors contributed to the declines of urban areas in this period.

Examples of these factors:

• Invasions

• Disease

• The decline of agricultural productivity

• The Little Ice Age

Multiple factors contributed to urban revival.

Examples of these factors:

• The end of invasions

• The availability of safe and reliable transport

• The rise of commerce and the warmer temperatures between 800 and 1300

• Increased agricultural productivity and subsequent rising population

• Greater availability of labor also contributed to urban growth

While cities in general continued to play the roles they had played in the past as governmental, religious, and commercial centers, many older cities declined at the same time that numerous new cities emerged to take on these established roles.