Answer:
Muslim states and empires encourage significant intellectual innovations and transfers.
• Innovations: Advances in mathematics (Nasir al-Din al-Tusi), Advances in literature (A'ishah al-Ba'uniyyah), Advance in Medicine (Avicenna).
• Transfers: Preservation & Commentaries on Greek moral & Natural Philosophy, House of Wisdom in Abbasid Baghdad, Scholarly & Cultural transfers in Muslim & Christian Spain (Al-Andalus)
