The Treaty of Nanjing, (August 29, 1842) is a treaty that Europeans forced the Chinese to sign, which ended the first Opium War, and is the first of the unequal treaties between China and foreign imperialist powers. China paid the British an indemnity, ceded the territory of Hong Kong, and agreed to establish a “fair and reasonable” tariff.
China was easily defeated by the British in the first Opium War because China's navy was no match for Britain's strong, well equipped and disciplined naval force. The British Navy moved in and easily defeated the outdated Chinese Naval forces. They captured some important ports and then occupied several cities along the Coast of China.
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