Question

Experiment You want to determine which disinfecting spray kills off more germs, Clorox or Lysol. You spray two counters with juice from raw chicken. Then you spray one counter with Clorox and one with Lysol. After the solutions dry, you wipe a cotton ball on the Clorox counter and then wipe it onto a petri dish. You do the same with the Lysol counter and wipe it onto a separate petri dish. You let the plates grow bacteria for several days, then count which plate has more colonies of bacteria.
Questions
Name the Independent and Dependent Variables from the experiment above.
Name two good Control Variables you would keep track of in this experiment. This experiment needs a Positive Control Experiment.
(This means at least one more counter and petri dish.) Describe what you would do to confirm that you can measure your experiment is working as expected.
Create a hypothesis for this experiment. Remember that a good hypothesis doesn't have to be right, it just has to follow the rules. (Which spray will kill off bacteria best?)

Answer 1

Independent variables (action of the disinfecting sprays) affect the dependent variables (Germ survival/growth). The control variables remain constant (temperature, light exposure, time). The hypothesis is a prediction (Clorox is more efficient in desinfecting surfaces than Lysol).

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During an experiment, the researcher applies different treatments to the experimental groups to analyze their response. It is also useful to have a control group to observe how it responds when no treatment is applied. In these situations, the researcher compares three groups: a control group and two experimental groups. All the groups are identical in all aspects except for the independent variables.  

• The control group is used to identify any other factors influencing the results obtained in the study, apart from the modified variables of the treatment. The independent variable keeps constant in the control group.  
• The experimental group receives the treatment. The researcher voluntarily changes the values of the independent variable to observe how it affects the dependent variable. There can be several experimental groups.
• Independent (manipulated) variable: Refers to all the variables in an experiment that provoke a response in another variable. An independent variable is the one that changes or is modified to analyze its effects on  another variable. The researcher changes on purpose the independent variable to observe the response of the dependent variable.  
• Dependent variable: Refers to the variable, which response depends on any change in the independent variable. It represents a quantity of something which value depends on how the independent variable is modified. The change in the dependent variable might be proportional or inversely proportional to the change in the manipulated variable.  
• Controlled variables are kept constant in the control groups and the experimental groups. Unlike the independent variable, the controlled variables do not influence the results. These variables do not affect the response of the dependent variable.

⇒ The independent variable → Action of the disinfecting spray Clorox and Lysol

⇒ The dependent variable → Germ survival and growth

⇒ The controlled variables → Environmental temperature, light exposure, time.

To confirm that the experiment is working we just need to compare periodically the three petri dishes to see how microorganisms are growing, if they are.

Hypothesis: Clorox is more efficient in desinfecting surfaces than Lysol.  

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