Question

The endosymbiotic theory hypothesizes that mitochondria formed from prokaryotic cells. What evidence supports the hypothesis?

They are autotrophic and have parasitic relationships.
They have linear DNA similar to bacteria.
They have chromosomes and ribosomes that are similar to prokaryotes.
They have flagella similar to prokaryotes.

Answer 1

Answer:

Endosymbiotic theory or symbiogenesis was given by Lynn Margulis, which states that mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from the bacterial cells, which are now incorporated in eukaryotic cells. Hence the correct option is, they have linear DNA similar to bacteria.

Explanation:

Endosymbiotic theory of mitochondria explains the evolution of mitochondrial genetic material into the eukaryotic cells. The chloroplasts and mitochondria are prokaryotic cell organelles, such that these both organelles have 70 S ribosomes (similar to prokaryotes) and have their own chromosomes. Thus, these organelles are believed to survive endocytosis, which caused them to get incorporated into the eukaryotic cells such as plant and animal cells.  

Prokaryotic cells are those cells, which do not have membrane-bound cell organelles and well-defined nucleus. However, the organelles such as mitochondria does not exist in parasitic relationship, and chloroplasts are autotrophs, such that they perform photosynthesis.  

The mitochondria and chloroplasts have circular DNA, which are also found in prokaryotes. These organelles consist of their own machinery for the synthesis of proteins.  

Prokaryotes have flagella and cilia for locomotion and movement. However, the organelles mitochondria and plastid lack these structures and are found suspended in the cell’s cytoplasm.

Answer 2

The evidence that supports the endosymbiotic theory is mitochondria have chromosomes and ribosomes that are similar to prokaryotes.

Some lines of evidence that supports the endosymbiotic theory include:

• Mitochondria are organelles that have their own DNA known as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA).

• Mitochondria have their own ribosomes which are capable of synthesizing their own proteins.

• Mitochondrial ribosomes are more closely (evolutionary) related to bacterial ribosomes rather than eucaryotic ribosomes.

• Mitochondria also have their own cell membranes.

In conclusion, the evidence that supports the endosymbiotic theory is mitochondria have chromosomes and ribosomes that are similar to prokaryotes.

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