Four covalent bonds are formed as carbon dioxide (CO2) is formed from carbon in Group IVA and oxygen in Group VIA.
The periodic table is composed of eighteen groups and eight periods. The common thread that holds all the elements in a group is that they all have the same number of valence electrons in their atoms. The elements in the same period all have the same highest energy level.
Oxygen in group Group VIA has six valence electrons while carbon in group Group IVA has four valence electrons. Hence, the chemical bond in carbon dioxide CO2 must contain four covalent bonds as shown in the image attached to this answer.
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