When the decision maker prefers a guaranteed payoff value that is smaller than the expected value of the lottery, the decision maker is

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Answer:

Risk avoider

Explanation:

Answer to the following question is risk avoider;

A risk avoider is someone who makes decisions because they are afraid to make mistakes. A risk avoider is a person who exclusively examines options that do not contain any hazards. A risk avoider avoids making actions that might result in a disastrous outcome.