Answer:1. A.)people should create more pedestrian-friendly communities.
2. Policy
Explanation: The authors main goal is to persuade the reader about the benifits of a pedestrian-friendly community, he's trying to make something happen.
The definition of policy is a course or principle of action adopted or proposed by a government, party, business, or individual. And this seems to me like a proposed course of action so I will assume the answer is policy