Answer:
1. Direct characterization
2. Indirect characterization
3. Indirect and direct characterization
Explanation:
Indirect and direct characterization are the two ways in which an author can let us know what his characters are like. When an author employs direct characterization, it means that he is letting us know what a character is like by describing him. On the other hand, when an author uses indirect characterization, the author avoids providing descriptions and instead tells us what the actions and thoughts of the characters are like, in order to allow us to reach our own conclusions.