Taking into account the definition of dilution, the correct answer is option C): 75 mL of the stock solution are required to prepare 250 mL of a 1.50 M solution.
Definition of dilution
You have to know that when it is desired to prepare a less concentrated solution from a more concentrated one, it is called dilution.
Dilution is the process of reducing the concentration of solute in solution, which is accomplished by simply adding more solvent to the solution at the same amount of solute.
In a dilution the amount of solute does not change, but as more solvent is added, the concentration of the solute decreases, as the volume (and weight) of the solution increases.
A dilution is mathematically expressed as:
Ci×Vi = Cf×Vf
where:
- Ci: initial concentration
- Vi: initial volume
- Cf: final concentration
- Vf: final volume
Volume of 5.00 M KI stock solution needed
In this case, you know:
- Ci= 5 M
- Vi= ?
- Cf= 1.5 M
- Vf= 250 mL= 0.250 L (beign 1 L= 1000 mL)
Replacing in the definition of dilution:
5 M× Vi= 1.5 M× 0.250 L
Solving:
Vi= (1.5 M× 0.250 L)× 5 M
Vi= 0.075 L= 75 mL
In summary, the correct answer is option C): 75 mL of the stock solution are required to prepare 250 mL of a 1.50 M solution.
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