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Ecosystem function is the capacity of natural processes and components to provide goods and services that fulfill human needs, either directly or indirectly. Ecosystem functions are conceived as a subset of ecological processes and ecosystem structures. Each function is the result of the natural processes of the total ecological subsystem of which it is a part.
Natural processes, in turn, are the result of complex interactions between biotic (living organisms) and abiotic (chemical and physical) components of ecosystems through the universal driving forces of matter and energy.
This group of functions relates to the capacity of natural and semi-natural ecosystems to regulate essential ecological processes and life support systems through bio-geochemical cycles and other biospheric processes. In addition to maintaining the ecosystem (and biosphere health), these regulatory functions provide many services that have direct and indirect benefits to humans (i.e., clean air, water and soil, and biological control services).
Natural ecosystems provide refuge and a reproduction habitat to wild plants and animals and thereby contribute to the (in situ) conservation of biological and genetic diversity and the evolutionary process.Photosynthesis and nutrient uptake by autotrophs converts energy, carbon dioxide, water and nutrients into a wide variety of carbohydrate structures which are then used by secondary producers to create an even larger variety of living biomass. This broad diversity in carbohydrate structures provides many ecosystem goods for human consumption, ranging from food and raw materials to energy resources and genetic material.
habitat is the place where an organism lives while a niche is that organism's role within that environment. Habitat focuses on how the environment impacts the organism while nich focuses on how the organism impacts the environment.
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