You must choose one of these medical discoveries from the 19th century:

Smallpox Vaccine

The Stethoscope

Quinine (for Malaria)

Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid)

Antiseptic Theory

Cholera Vaccine

Germ Theory

The Ophthalmoscope

You shall write a brief document in the following format:

A paragraph describing the discovery

Two to three paragraphs describing the medical discoveries that led to your discovery and/or how it changed over time

A paragraph that tells what the discovery is like today, in its modern form.

A timeline showing the events that led up to the modern version of this discovery

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During his experiments in the 1860s, French chemist Louis Pasteur developed modern germ theory. He proved that food spoiled because of contamination by invisible bacteria, not because of spontaneous generation. Pasteur stipulated that bacteria caused infection and disease.

Medical discoveries: Louis Pasteur discovered the pathology of the puerperal fever and the pyogenic vibrio in the blood, and suggested using boric acid to kill these microorganisms before and after confinement. Through the microscope he discovered micro-organisms growing in the liquid. He believed that these germs, so-called because they appeared to be germinating or growing, were causing the problem.

What the discovery is like today: Germ theory enabled sanitation, vaccines, and effective medicines. All of those things had been technologically possible for centuries. But they were conceptually impossible and so they didn't happen. Germ theory changed cities from death traps to escape hatches.

Time Line:

In 1838 Matthias Jakob Shleiden discovers that all plants are made of cells and, within the same year, Theodor Schwann discovered that all animals are made of cells as well. Karl Theodor Ernst von Siebold suggests the name ¨Cell Theory¨ for the proposition that all animals are made of cells. In 1845, Karl Theodor Ernst von Siebold discovered that microbes are also made of cells too, though not many cells, just one cell.

In the 1850´s Rudolf Carl Virchow discovered that all cells come from cells, that they reproduce to make new cells, and that humans are made of millions of them. He also thinks all diseases are caused by cells that didn't work correctly.

In the 1840´s Ignaz Philipp Semmelweiss discovered that simply hand washing reduces spread of childbed fever among patients in a hospital from approximately 12% to 1%, though no one will believe him.

In 1876 Robert Kosh discovered and invented agar, and that different kinds of microbes cause different kinds of diseases.