Since Paine’s words are more complex compared to simple phrasing, I don’t think the quote is an aphorism.
I do believe that the quote has a metaphor, since Paine uses the words “link” and “chain” to convey a message of connection/relationship or similarity.
I think that quote also has parallelism because the ending relates to the beginning, and, in a sense, drives home the message of the beginning part.
“Answer”: C. I and II
Please ask questions if you have them. I’m okay at literature. XD