The probability that the first person chooses a number less than 3 is 2/10. Hence, option B is the right choice.
What is the probability of an event?
The probability of an event is the ratio of the number of favorable outcomes to the event (n), to the total number of possible outcomes (S).
If the event is A, then the probability of event A is given as:
P(A) = n/S.
How to solve the question?
In the question, we are informed that Samuel’s family members are choosing numbers to see in what order they will choose gifts. The numbers 1 through 10 are written on pieces of paper. All numbers are equally likely to be chosen.
We are asked about the probability that the first person chooses a number less than 3.
We assume the event that the first person chooses a number less than 3 to be A.
Therefore,
The number of favorable outcomes to event A (n) = 2 {viz. 1 and 2, as no other number is less than 3}.
The total number of possible outcomes (S) = 10 {viz. all the numbers, as they are equally likely to be chosen}.
Therefore, the probability that the first person chooses a number less than 3, is given by the probability of event A, that is:
P(A) = n/S = 2/10.
Therefore, the probability that the first person chooses a number less than 3 is 2/10. Hence, option B is the right choice.
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