There are many similarities and differences between a dramatic play, and a short story. Take Romeo and Juliet, and its structure. It is structured as a traditional play, and has a traditional plotline leading to a tragic ending. A short story/novel, Old Man And The Sea, is similar. While it is not a play, but a book, it holds the same plotline structure, and is similar in sad themes. It is also very different with the style and wording. While Romeo and Juliet was first shown all the way back in 1597, and has a very old style, Old Man And The Sea was published in 1952, so they have very different tones and themes.
Hope this helps :)
