Base on the question, and in my further computation, the possible answers would be the following and I hope you are satisfied with my answer and feel free to ask for more.
- If you want to determine the Thevenin equivalent voltage and resistance without overloading the battery, then apply some known resistance
RLRL and measure the output voltage as VLVL. Measure the voltage without a load as VOCVOC. The voltage divider equation tells us that
VL=VOCRLRTH×RLVL=VOCRLRTH×RL
Solve for RTHRTH, and you know that VTH=VOCVTH=VOC.