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A black hole is a region of spacetime where gravity is so strong that nothing no particles or even electromagnetic radiation such as light can escape from it. Black holes are caused because of a supernova. A supernova is an exploding star that blasts part of the star into space.
The gravity is so strong because matter has been squeezed into a tiny space. That means, the large mass centers into the small diameter so Large mass comes in the small diameter which makes the strong gravity.