Okay so this is going to be long. Im currently studying Ethiopia so lucky for you i know!
Landscape- It has a varied landscape. The deeply incised Ethiopian Highlands in the west rise to 4500m. Whilst these areas are cooler than the lowlands, soils tend to be thin and the landscape is challenging for communications and the use of machinery. Highland plateaus and the lowlands offer better opportunities for farming, although in places they suffer from overgrazing, soil erosion and desertification. In the southeast of Ethiopia is the Ogaden Desert.
Climate- Ethiopia has 3 distinct climate regions (Western Highlands, Eastern Lowlands and Central Area). Rainfall is unreliable and can lead to prolonged periods of drought, particularly in the eastern lowlands. In the 1980’s, Ethiopia suffered from severe drought and famine. overgrazing and desertification are significant issues in the east. Despite the unreliable rainfall, food production is high, especially in the wetter and cooler western and central regions.
Ecosystems- Reflecting the diversity of landscape and climate, Ethiopia has a number of different ecosystems including mountains, woodlands and wetlands. Extensive tropical savanna grasslands fringe the highlands and deserts and semi-deserts are found on the eastern lowlands. Biodiversity is high, with thousands of species of plants, birds and animals, including several endangered species.
Natural resources- Ethiopia has reserves of gold, oil and gas but these have yet to be fully exploited. Currently minerals- mostly gold -accounts for about 20% of exports by value.
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