The 3rd diagram represents folded rock layers.
Anticlines are arch-shaped folds in which rock layers are upwardly convex. The oldest rock layers form the core of the fold, and outward from the core progressively younger rocks occur. A syncline is the opposite type of fold, having downwardly convex layers with young rocks in the core.
What causes folded rock layers?
The folds arise as a result of the tectonic pressure and stress in the rocks and rather than fracture, they fold. They are easily visualized by the loss of horizontality of the strata. When tectonic forces act on sedimentary rocks are a number of characteristic forms.
What are layered rocks called?
Rock layers are also called strata (the plural form of the Latin word stratum), and stratigraphy is the science of strata. Stratigraphy deals with all the characteristics of layered rocks; it includes the study of how these rocks relate to time.
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