"Big Tim" Sullivan was associated with machine politics when political machines were at their peak in the late 1800s.
Tim Daniel Sullivan, a significant figure in Tammany Hall and a politician in New York City (July 23, 1862 – August 31, 1913), was in charge of the Bowery and Lower East Side neighbourhoods of Manhattan. He was sarcastically referred to as "Dry Dollar," "the Big Feller," and eventually, "Big Tim" (because of his physical stature). As a businessman, he made a sizable fortune by operating both legitimate and vaudeville theatres, as well as nickelodeons, racetracks, and athletic clubs. The Sullivan Act, a pioneering gun control law, was pushed through the legislature by Sullivan in 1911. He was a fervent supporter of both women's suffrage and organised labour. The media exaggerated Big Tim's illegal actions and his power over gambling in the city by portraying him as the spider at the heart of the web.
According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, a "political machine" is a party organisation that controls enough votes to continue exercising political and administrative power over a city, county, or state in American politics. Machine politics are defined as "the election of officials and the passing of legislation through the power of an organisation organised for political activity" by William Safire in his Safire's Political Dictionary. He points out that the phrase is typically used negatively and frequently implies corruption.
Political machines are characterised by discipline and hierarchy.
A political machine is a party organisation that enlists members using material rewards—money, political positions—and that is distinguished by a high level of leadership control over member activities.
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Hence option B is the correct answer
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