As an object falls from rest, its gravitational potential energy is converted to kinetic energy. Conservation of energy as a tool permits the calculation of the velocity just before it hits the surface.
"Gravitational energy or gravitational potential energy is the potential energy a massive object has in relation to another massive object due to gravity. It is the potential energy associated with the gravitational field, which is released when the objects fall towards each other."
"Kinetic energy is a form of energy that an object or a particle has by reason of its motion. If work, which transfers energy, is done on an object by applying a net force, the object speeds up and thereby gains kinetic energy."
"The law of conservation of energy states that the total energy of an isolated system remains constant; it is said to be conserved over time."
"Velocity is the directional speed of a object in motion as an indication of its rate of change in position as observed from a particular frame of reference and as measured by a particular standard of time."
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