Answer:
a. $3,000 Favorable
Explanation:
Variable cost variance is the difference between the budgeted variable cost and actual variable cost for a period.
Use following formula to claculate the variable cost variance
Variable cost variance = Budgeted Variable cost - Actual variable cost
Placing values in the formula
Variable cost variance = Budgeted Variable cost - Actual variable cost
Variable cost variance = $23,000 - $20,000
Variable cost variance = $3,000
As the actual cost is less than the budgeted cost, so the $3,000 is saved in respect of variable cost.