Question

What would be the outcome of the processes shown below if the mRNA never moved outside
of the nucleus?

Answer 1

Answer:

Translation is the process of protein synthesis in which the genetic information encoded in mRNA is translated into a sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain

Ribosomes bind to mRNA in the cell's cytoplasm and move along the mRNA molecule in a 5' - 3' direction until it reaches a start codon (AUG)

Anticodons on tRNA molecules align opposite appropriate codons according to complementary base pairing (e.g. UAC will align with AUG)

Each tRNA molecule carries a specific amino acid (according to the genetic code)

Ribosomes catalyse the formation of peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids (via a condensation reaction)

The ribosome moves along the mRNA molecule synthesising a polypeptide chain until it reaches a stop codon, at this point translation stops and the polypeptide chain is released

Explanation:

Answer 2

The process of protein synthesis initiates with the transcription process in the nucleus and continues with the translation process in the cytoplasm. If the mRNA never left the nucleus, the translation would not be possible.

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The protein synthesis process involves transcription and translation.

Transcription:

• Transcription is the copying process of the DNA section for the desired protein occurs.
• It happens in the nucleus, where the template DNI strand is read in direction 3´→ 5´ to build the mRNA molecule in direction 5´→ 3´.

Once the transcription is over, the new mRNA molecule leaves the nucleus and goes to the cytoplasm.

Translation:

• Translation occurs in the cytoplasm when mRNA meets a ribosome.
• rRNA and tRNA read mRNA in the direction 5´→ 3´ to build the protein.
• While the ribosome reads mRNA strain from its 5´ extreme to 3´, tRNA adds the correct amino acids to build the polypeptide.
• Protein growth initiates in the AUG start codon -Metionin-, and ends when reaching either of the stop codons UAA, UAG, UGA.

If the mRNA does not move outside of the nucleus, the translation process is not possible. Only transcription would occur, but no translation. Protein synthesis could not be accomplished.

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