Identify each of the variables in the experiment testing the effects of Sulfur dioxide on soybean plants in the Scientific Investigation pdf. INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF SULFUR DIOXIDE ON SOYBEAN REPRODUCTION Agricultural scientists were concerned about the effect of air pollution, sulfur dioxide in particular, on soybean production in fields adjacent to coalpowered power plants. Based on initial investigations, they proposed that sulfur dioxide in high concentrations would reduce reproduction in soybeans. They designed an experiment to test this hypothesis (Figure 1.1). In this experiment, 48 soybean plants, just beginning to produce flowers, were divided into two groups, treatment and no treatment. The 24 treated plants were divided into four groups of 6. One group of 6 treated plants was placed in a fumigation chamber and exposed to 0.6 ppm (parts per million) of sulfur dioxide for 4 hours to simulate sulfur dioxide emissions from a power plant. The experiment was repeated on the remaining three treated groups. The notreatment plants were divided similarly into four groups of 6. Each group in turn was placed in a second fumigation chamber and exposed to filtered air for 4 hours. Following the experiment, all plants were returned to the greenhouse. When the beans matured, the number of bean pods, the number of seeds per pod, and the weight of the pods were determined for each plant. Identify the Independent, Controlled, dependent, levels of treatment, control and replicates.

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Answer:

The growth of the plants is the dependent variable, the stuff added to each plant is the independent variable, the plants that don't receive treatment/other stuff are control variables.

The components and variables of this experiment are:

  • Independent variables - Concentration of sulfur dioxide
  • Controlled variables - Time of fumigation, number of individuals in each group, stage of growth (when they produce flowers), environment post-treatment (greenhouse)
  • Dependent variables - Number of bean pods, number of seeds per pod, and weight of the pods
  • Levels of treatment - The level of treatment is 0.6 ppm
  • Control -  plants that were placed in the fumigation chamber exposed to filtrated air
  • Replicates - There were four treated groups, so the experiment was replicated 4 time
  1. The variable that only changes in an experiment is the independent variable. The concentration of sulfur dioxide is the variable in the experiment that is manipulated.
  2. The variables that are affected by the change in the independent variables are dependent variables and in this experiment number of bean pods, the number of seeds per pod, and the weight of the pods are affected due to the change in the independent variable.
  3. Other variables have to be kept constant. These variables, conditions kept constant over the different course of the experiment are called controlled variables.
  4. The level of the independent variable should be used in the experiment. The concentration of SO2 gas is the level of variable that is 0.6 ppm. This amount, a value set for the independent variable is called the level of treatment.
  5. Scientific investigations are not valid if the conclusions drawn from them are based on one experiment with one or two individuals. Generally, the same procedure has to be repeated several times (replication) and provide consistent results

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