Answer: A change in an organism's surroundings that causes the organism to react is called a stimulus (plural stimuli). An organism reacts to a stimulus with a response- an action or change in behavior. Another example is if you are cold, you shiver. The cold is the stimulus while the shivering is the response.
(The plural of stimulus is stimuli. Its verb form is stimulate, which typically means to spur into action or to invigorate.)
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