Answer:
Terrigeneous sediments that reach the continental shelf are often stored in submarine canyons on the continental slope. Turbidity currents carry these sediments down into the deep sea. These currents create sedimentary deposits called turbidites, which are layers up to several metres thick composed of sediment particles that grade upward from coarser to finer sizes. The turbidites build sedimentary deep-sea fans adjacent to the base of the continental slope. Turbidites also are found below the major river deltas of the world where they build features called abyssal cones. The largest of these is the Ganges Fan (also called the Ganges Cone or Bengal Cone) in the Bay of Bengal east of the Indian subcontinent. It measures 3,000 km (about 1,900 miles) long (north-south) by 1,000 km (about 600 miles) wide (east-west) and is up to 12 km (about 7 miles) thick. The Bengal Cone continues to form from rock material eroded from the Himalayas and transported by the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers.
Abyssal plains are formed by the accumulation of turbidites beyond the limits of deep-sea fans and abyssal cones in locations where there is a very large sediment supply. In contrast to fans and cones, abyssal plains are flat and featureless. They are prominent near both margins of the Atlantic and in the northeast Pacific. Tectonic and climate controls have influenced the formation of abyssal plains. The last major glaciation near the end of the Pleistocene Epoch about 11,700 years ago greatly increased erosion and sediment supply to the deep sea, but deep-sea trenches interrupted the flow of turbidity currents to the ocean floor. Off the Pacific Northwest coast of the United States, however, the trenches were filled by turbidites, and subsequent turbidity currents passed beyond them to form the Alaska and Tufts abyssal plains.
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