A pycnometer is a glass apparatus used for accurately de termining the density of a liquid. When dry and empty, a certain pycnometer had a mass of 27.314 g. When filled with distilled water at 25.0 degree c, it weighed 36.842 g. When tilled with chloroform (a liquid once used as an anesthetic before its toxic properties were known), the apparatus weighed 41.428 g. At 25.0 degree C, the density of water is 0.99704 g/mL. (a) What is the volume of the pycnometer? (b) What is the density of chloroform?

To determine the volume of the pycnometer, it is pertinent that we list out the parameters given for the mass and obtain the difference between them.

From the information given:

the dry empty mass of the pycnometer = 27.314 g
the filled mass of the pycnometer = 36.842 g

The mass difference = (36.842 - 27.314) g

= 9.528 g

Now,

since the actual mass of the pycnometer is being known and;
the density of water is 0.99704 g/mL

Using the relation for density, mass, and volume:

[tex]\mathbf{density = \dfrac{mass}{volume}}[/tex]

Making the volume the subject of formula:

[tex]\mathbf{volume = \dfrac{mass}{density}}[/tex]

[tex]\mathbf{volume = \dfrac{9.528 \ g}{0.99704 \ g/mL}}[/tex]

[tex]\mathbf{volume = 9.5568 \ mL}[/tex]

Here, the volume of the pycnometer is equivalent and used as the same volume of the chloroform.

From the given information, the mass difference of the chloroform is:

= (41.428 - 27.314) g

= 14.114 g

Using the equation for density:

[tex]\mathbf{density = \dfrac{mass}{volume}}[/tex]

[tex]\mathbf{density = \dfrac{14.114 \ g}{9.556 \ mL}}[/tex]

∴

The density of the chloroform is = 1.477 g/mL

Therefore, we can conclude that the volume of the pycnometer is 9.5568 g and the density of the chloroform is 1.477 g/mL

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